The fix has been stable, and we've had confirmation from Authors that images are working as expected now.

Marking this resolved ✅

We've moved traffic off the impacted Cloudflare infrastructure, and we're seeing images working as expected again. (Give your browser a good refresh!)

We'll continue to monitor for any lingering issues.

We've learned that this image issue is related to an ongoing incident with Cloudflare files. We're continuing to monitor the situation and we'll update when we have more information.